2020.9월모평

① 관계부사+완전한 절 (주어+완전자동사, 주어+타동사+목적어, 주어+수동태)

관계대명사+불완전한 절 (주어나 목적어 또는 보어가 없는 경우)

ex. She worked in the garden ________ she spent most of her time.

He designed the garden _______ he named after his grandmother.

② 주어와 동사의 수 일치

ex. The craving for sweets, which is the biggest enemy of teeth, is/are not easy to overcome.

③ not necessarily : 반드시 ...한 것은 아니다

ex. Earlier is not necessarily better.

④ see/consider/classify/regard + A + as + B : A를 B로서 보다/여기다/분류하다/간주하다

ex. The WHO classifies the coronavirus variant as be/being of global concern.

⑤ 대동사 do/does/did

ex. You are under the false impression that you do not have as many items to pack as you really do/are.

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Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases ① which the best is recognized and the rest are overlooked. The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance ② is an asset that some competitions and contests offer. In a sense, all competitions give feedback. For many, this is restricted to information about whether the participant is an award- or prize winner. The provision of that type of feedback can be interpreted as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating superior performance but not ③ necessarily excellence. The best competitions promote excellence, not just winning or “beating” others. The emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as ④ fostering a detrimental effect of competition. Performance feedback requires that the program go beyond the “win, place, or show” level of feedback. Information about performance can be very helpful, not only to the participant who does not win or place but also to those who ⑤ do .

*foster 조장하다 **detrimental 유해한

(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점]

During a study of how jeans are sold, we noticed an odd pattern to adolescent shopping: Teenagers in peer groups spent a relatively long time in the jeans section (A)[comparing / compared] to teens with parents. And teens in peer groups examined one third more product. But the percentage of teenagers with parents who bought jeans (B)[was / were] nearly double that of teens in peer groups who bought. Then we realized: They come with their friends to browse ─ to preshop, as it were. Having made their choices and gained the approval of a jury of their peers, they return with Mom or Dad ─ the wallet bearer ─ and make quick work of the transaction, wishing not to risk the humiliation of (C)[seeing / being seen] in public buying clothes with their ancient caretakers.

(A) (B) (C)

① comparing was seeing

② compared was being seen

③ compared were seeing

④ compared was seeing

⑤ comparing were being seen

(A) 현재분사(능동:-하면서) vs. 과거분사(수동: -된/-될 때)

(B) 주어가 ‘the + 명사A + 전치사 +명사B’의 형태일 때 : 명사 A의 수에 동사의 수를 맞춤 (예: the number of people, the percentage of women 등)

(C) 전치사+동명사(능동 –ing: –하는 것 vs. 수동 being –p.p: -되는 것)

People who eat for emotional reasons often eat in an attempt to self-soothe or to experience momentary relief from difficult feelings. Some people describe purposely eating certain comforting foods as a way to cope with stress. Emotional eating is related to feelings of inadequacy. Emotions may seem so intense that we feel we need to instantly manage them by escaping with food, or we may feel we lack other tools to cope with distress. Think about your own experience. Do you experience authentic or lasting relief while eating? Or is relief fleeting or partial at best? Just as when we compulsively watch television, drink alcohol, or shop, _______________________________________.

① we may end up struggling with obesity

② we might not be able to suppress our appetite

③ we may wish to temporarily escape through eating

④ we may regret for not satisfying our physical hunger

⑤ we may lose our rational sense of what to eat and when

◾soothe 달래다, 진정시키다

◾purposely 의도적으로, 일부러

◾inadequacy 부적당, 부족

◾distress 비탄, 고민, 고통

◾relief 경감, 안심, 위안

◾compulsively 강박적으로

[구문 이해] Emotions may seem so intense that we feel we need to instantly manage them by escaping with food, or we may feel (that) we lack other tools to cope with distress.

Our craving for _______________________ is illustrated by a study of religious Israeli women, carried out by anthropologists Richard Sosis and W. Penn Handwerker. During the 2006 Lebanon War the town of Tzfat and its environs in the Galilee region of northern Israel were hit by dozens of rockets daily. Although siren warnings alerted Tzfat residents to protect their own lives by taking refuge in bomb shelters, they could do nothing to protect their houses. Realistically, that threat from the rockets was unpredictable and uncontrollable. Nevertheless, about two-thirds of the women interviewed by Sosis and Handwerker recited psalms every day to cope with the stress of the rocket attacks. When they were asked why they did so, a common reply was that they felt compelled “to do something” as opposed to doing nothing at all. Although reciting psalms does not actually deflect rockets, it did provide the women with a sense of control as they took action in their own way.

① knowledge of the future

② relief from feeling helpless

③ exploring the unknown world

④ being accepted by our peers

⑤ freedom from social conventions

◾craving 갈망

◾illustrate 예증하다, 보여주다

◾anthropologist 인류학자

◾environs 인근 지역

◾alert 경보(를 발하다), 경고하다

◾bomb shelter 방공호, 대피소

◾unpredictable 예측할 수 없는

◾recite 암송하다

◾psalms (구약 성경의) 시편

[구문이해]

When they were asked why they did so, a common reply was that they felt compelled “to do something” as opposed to doing nothing at all.

as opposed to - : -와 반대로

The status of old people in modern Western societies has changed drastically. My suggestion is to understand and ______________________

______________ as they grow older. We can say that useful attributes tending to decrease with age include ambition, desire to compete, physical strength and endurance, and capacity for sustained mental concentration. Conversely, useful attributes tending to increase with age include experience of one’s field, understanding of people and relationships, and ability to help other people without one’s own ego getting in the way. These shifts in strengths result in many older workers choosing to devote more of their efforts to supervising, administering, advising, and teaching. For instance, my farmer friends in their 80s spend less time on horseback and on tractors, more time making strategic decisions about the business of farming; my older lawyer friends spend less time in court, more time mentoring younger lawyers.

◾status 상태, 지위, 위상

◾endurance 참을성, 인내심

◾sustained 지속된

◾conversely 역으로, 거꾸로

◾get in the way 방해가 되다

◾supervise 감독하다

① let people join the workforce outside their homes

② find a way to help people feel more connected

③ motivate people to concentrate more on thier physical health

④ value the traditional roles people play in their homes

⑤ make use of the changes in people’s strengths and weaknesses

A great example of how potent a force your unconscious can be was detailed by researchers in a 2006 paper published in the journal Science. They conducted a study in which people were asked to remember a terrible sin from their past, something they had done which was unethical. The researchers asked them to describe how the memory made them feel. They then offered half of the participants the opportunity to wash their hands. At the end of the study, they asked subjects if they would be willing to take part in later research for no pay as a favor to a desperate graduate student. Those who did not wash their hands agreed to help 74 percent of the time, but those who did wash agreed only 41 percent of the time. According to the researchers, one group had unconsciously __________________________ and felt less of a need to pay the debts of their sins. The people in the study connected their hand washing with all the ideas of cleanliness associated with the act, and then those associations influenced their behavior.

① lost their spontaneity

② helped people in need

③ washed away their guilt

④ weakened their confidence

⑤ forgotten their participation

◾potent 강력한

◾detail (동) 자세히 설명하다

◾unethical

◾for no pay

◾as a favor

◾desperate

필사적인, 절망적인

◾pay the debt 빚을 갚다

◾associate A with B : A를 B와 연관짓다

◾spontaneity 자발성